lol P = mv XD
A.) this is martial arts, not physics :P although good thinking, buuut i would tend to think that the more mass you put on, the slower your hit will be (slower acceleration, and due to the fact that in a punch there is little space, you would increase the time taken to throw the punch and bring the arm back (I think).
prolly just best to work on technique, using body weight better and the muscle amount you will need will come from training
triceps are the main muscles in an MA called wing chun, which talks about the perfect punch coming from the extention due to the triceps ^_^ those people have LARGE triceps.
Although i dont know the machines name, im sure there is a machine out there that measures the force you exert on something. I would say a more practical method would be to get breaking boards (you can set them up at different critical breaking points, making it harder to break) and they seriously range
I could be wrong so listen to the pros on here more :P